~ The following is a press release provided by the Alachua County Office of Supervisor of Elections. It has been published here as received, without additional reporting or editing by Alachua County Today staff. ~

ALACHUA COUNTY, Fla. (October 1, 2025) The Alachua County Supervisor of Elections Office will be present at a voter registration and vote-by-mail ballot request drive at the Village at Gainesville Senior Living Community on Friday, October 3 from 2:00 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.

 Residents and staff will be able to register to vote or update their voter registration information, request or renew their request for a vote-by-mail ballot, and learn more about voting and elections in Alachua County.

 For more information about the Alachua County Supervisor of Elections Office's outreach activities, please visit VoteAlachua.gov or call 352-374-5252 during our normal business hours of Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.

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~ The following is a press release provided by the Gainesville (FL) Chapter of The Links, Incorporated. It has been published here as received, without additional reporting or editing by Alachua County Today staff. ~

Gainesville, FL – September 30, 2025 – The Gainesville (FL) Chapter of The Links, Incorporated proudly joined thousands of members across the globe in celebrating the 30th Anniversary of the Walk for Healthy Living, an initiative first launched in 1995 under the leadership of the organization’s 11th National President, Link Patricia Russell McCloud.

The Gainesville Chapter gathered for a spirited community walk, uniting members, families, and supporters to raise awareness of cardiovascular health while celebrating the joy and benefits of walking. From strengthening the heart and boosting energy to improving mood and extending life expectancy, walking remains one of the most accessible and impactful tools for long-term wellness.

“This walk is about more than fitness—it’s about fellowship, education, and empowerment,” said Alena Lawson Bennett, President of the Gainesville (FL) Chapter. “On this 30th anniversary, we are proud to walk together and engage the people in our area to promote living healthier lives and building stronger communities.”

National Movement, Local Impact

The Walk for Healthy Living is a signature national program of The Links, Incorporated, designed to Educate, Communicate, and Save Lives. Over the past three decades, thousands of members and communities have participated, from toddlers to centenarians, underscoring the importance of health equity and civic responsibility in communities of color.

By combining wellness with civic awareness, the Gainesville (FL) Chapter added its local impact to the national movement—proving that small steps create lasting change.

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~ The following is a press release provided by the Office of Governor Ron DeSantis. It has been published here as received, without additional reporting or editing by Alachua County Today staff. ~

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — Yesterday, Governor Ron DeSantis and the Florida Cabinet approved the protection of 20,086 acres of critical conservation lands, representing a $167.25 million investment in Florida’s natural resources. Six of the properties are within the Florida Wildlife Corridor and another will expand Cary State Forest in Duval County. 

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GAINESVILLE, FL (Oct. 1, 2025) – Fine Arts and Entertainment Technology at Santa Fe College (SF) announces their presenta on of “Shipwrecked! An Entertainment: The Adventures of Louis de Rougemont (As Told By Himself).”  Directed by Assistant Professor of Theatre Ma Lindsay, “Shipwrecked!” brings to life the fantas c true story of five characters — and a dog — lost at sea, flying wombats and buried treasure, as told by the man who lived through it. The performance will be held Oct. 10-11 at 7:30 p.m. at the Sasser Fine Arts Hall on the main SF campus at 3000 Northwest 83rd Street, Gainesville. Tickets may be purchased online by going to h ps://www.showpass.com/ and entering the presenta on name in the search.

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HIGH SPRINGS ‒ A local leader known for his military service, law enforcement career, and community involvement was honored during the Sept. 22 High Springs City Commission meeting. Commissioner Robert Chad Howell was recognized as this year’s High Springs Hero, an award highlighting an individual who exemplifies service, dedication, and commitment to the community.

Commissioner Katherine Weitz presented the recognition, reading aloud a proclamation that recounted Howell’s career and community service. The words detailed a life of public commitment that began more than two decades ago and has continued through military, professional, and civic roles.

Military Service and Law Enforcement Career

The proclamation began by noting Howell’s enlistment in the United States Marine Corps in 2001. His five years of service included a deployment to Okinawa, Japan, and two tours in Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. According to the proclamation, those years instilled in him a lasting sense of duty and a determination to serve.

After leaving the Marines in 2006, Howell moved to Alachua County in 2010. In 2013, he joined the Alachua Police Department, where he has spent the past 15 years. His career has spanned multiple roles, from patrol officer and school resource officer to detective and field training officer. He currently serves as detective sergeant overseeing the Criminal Investigations Division. The proclamation emphasized that he has approached each role with professionalism and dedication.

In addition to his police work, Howell pursued higher education, earning a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration with a management focus from Saint Leo University in 2016 while balancing career and family responsibilities.

Community Contributions

The recognition extended beyond Howell’s professional work. Since relocating with his family to High Springs in 2018, he has become active in civic life, serving on the Parks and Recreation Board and participating in the Law Enforcement Family Memorial Crisis Fund. He has also organized charitable fundraisers, including cornhole tournaments, to support local causes.

In 2022, Howell received the Alachua Chamber of Commerce’s Officer of the Year Award, underscoring his impact within the broader community.

Family and Personal Life

The proclamation also highlighted Howell’s personal side, describing him as a devoted husband of 23 years and father of two daughters who attended High Springs Community School and Santa Fe High School. Friends and family members described him as passionate, patient, supportive, and charismatic, while his wife characterized him as selfless and compassionate.

Recognition as High Springs Hero

The proclamation concluded by recognizing Howell’s wide-ranging service and steady commitment to others. Audience members responded with a standing ovation, applauding his years of service to country, community, and family.

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First Sweet Potato Festival Draws a Crowd

The Waldo Area Historical Society welcomed the community to Waldo City Square on Sept. 13, 2025, for the first-ever Sweet Potato Festival and Car Display. From 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., families enjoyed sweet potato dishes, admired classic cars, and connected with neighbors in a celebration of local heritage. Along with other numerous groups and vendors, the Alachua County Sheriff’s Office Motor Unit and Community Services Division joined the festivities, spending time with youth and engaging with residents during a day filled with sunshine, conversation, and hometown pride.

GAINESVILLE, Fla. – A sweeping new law in Florida that took effect Wednesday makes it illegal to produce sexual images of a person using artificial intelligence or similar technologies without their permission.

The new law also allows people whose photographs were manipulated that way to sue those responsible in civil court.

The law took effect this week only two days after Marion County sheriff’s deputies arrested Lucius William Martin, 39, of Eustis, Florida, and accused him of using AI to produce nude images of the juvenile daughter of someone close to him and her friend. The software Martin used digitally removed the girls’ clothing in pictures he downloaded from social media, according to court records. 

Such tools can be used to “nudify” an otherwise innocent photograph.

Martin was arrested Monday and remains in the county jail in Ocala, facing eight felony counts of child pornography under Florida’s existing statutes and one count of trying to destroy evidence. The girl’s mother captured a screenshot of the images to give to authorities, the sheriff’s office said. A deputy said Martin reset his phone as he was being arrested to delete the evidence.

Martin couldn’t be reached immediately for comment because he was still in jail. He was being appointed a public defender on Thursday for his arraignment scheduled next month, but no lawyer had yet been assigned to represent him.

The versions of the images of the girls nude on Martin’s phone included remnants of their clothing that had been digitally removed and showed deformities on the girls’ arms and legs, which a deputy wrote in court records “is common on AI-generated imagery.” His phone also contained the same, unaltered images of the girls wearing clothes, court records said.

Last year, singer Taylor Swift was the victim of AI-generated, fake images of her nude, also called “deep fakes,” circulating over popular social media sites.

The Florida bill, sponsored by Republican Reps. Mike Redondo of Miami and Jennifer Kincart Jonsson of Bartow and known as the “sexual images” bill, passed the Legislature unanimously earlier this year and was signed into law by Gov. Ron DeSantis in May. 

Rep. Michelle Salzman, R-Cantonment, said during a House Judiciary Committee hearing earlier this year that her community in Florida’s Panhandle has suffered cases of AI-generated sexual images.

“Seeing this brought forward is a breath of fresh air,” she said. “AI is incredible. We need it. It does a lot of good, but with great power comes great responsibility, and a lot of folks aren’t taking responsibility for their actions.”

Key provisions of the new law include criminalizing use of AI to generate a nude image of an actual person without their consent, or soliciting or possessing such images. The new felony punishment includes a prison term up to 5 years for each image and a fine up to $5,000.

The new law was long overdue, said former Sen. Lauren Book, a leading advocate for sex crime victims. She said AI and popular software tools make it easy to create realistic images. 

“Legislation is a crucial step in ensuring that our justice system can keep pace with technological advancements so that we are not lagging in protecting our children,” said Book, a child sex abuse survivor who founded “Lauren’s Kids,” a non-profit dedicated to stopping child sex abuse. 

Such digitally altered images of children or teens are often used to extort families, said Fallon McNulty, executive director at the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Criminals can extract payment or sexual favors in exchange for agreeing not to distribute nude images to victims’ friends, classmates or family members. 

The center’s  CyberTipline, which started tracking reports involving generative AI in 2023, received 4,700 reports involving AI-generated images in its first year. In the first six months of 2025, she said the tipline had received 400,000 such reports.

McNulty said mainstream software companies try to block and report illicit use of their programs, but some developers offer apps with no built-in safety measures.

Meta announced earlier this year it was suing a company in Hong Kong that it said ran ads on its platforms to promote an app that helps users create nonconsensual, sexualized images using AI. It sued the developer of an app called CrushAI, which could be used to create nude images.

Lawmakers are always “trying to play catch up” when it comes to regulating AI, said Elizabeth Rasnick, an assistant professor at the Center for Cybersecurity at the University of West Florida, adding that they are “doing the best they can with what they currently have.”

“ There's no possible way we can foresee how these tools are going to be used in the future,” Rasnick said. “The Legislature is always going to have to try to fill in whatever gaps there were after those gaps are discovered and exploited.”

Digitally altering images has been possible for decades using specialized image-editing tools, but the new AI programs can turn out sexual content in seconds with no special skills required, said Kevin Butler, a  professor of computer science and  director of the Institute for Cybersecurity Research at the University of Florida.

Using the new AI tools can take a photo posted on social media and “undress the whole family,” said Kyle Glen, commander of the Central Florida Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force. He praised the new law but noted that juvenile offenders – who may try to bully classmates by creating such images – often aren’t prosecuted criminally the first time they are caught.

“As much laws as we pass and as much software is out there, and technology that we use, bad guys are always a step ahead,” Glen said. “They're innovative and they're going to think of ways to get around law enforcement or exploit children, you know, if that's what they're infatuated with.”

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GAINESVILLE, Fla. – A new Florida law that takes effect this week cracks down on the illicit use of Apple AirTags or other Bluetooth trackers to stalk or follow someone during the commission of a dangerous crime.

Starting Wednesday, the new law carries a punishment of up to 15 years in prison for anyone convicted of using the high-tech trackers to commit crimes including murder, aggravated assault, kidnapping, rape, robbery or other serious offenses.

The Legislature passed the law unanimously earlier this year, and Gov. Ron DeSantis signed it in May. Last year, lawmakers separately increased the penalty for using such trackers to stalk someone, raising such crimes from a misdemeanor to a felony with a sentence of up to five years in prison.

“It is critical that we establish a deterrent to those who would utilize these technologies in furtherance of committing crimes, which do real harm to our citizens,” the bill’s sponsor, Sen. Tom Leek, R-St. Augustine, said during a Senate Criminal Justice Committee hearing when lawmakers were still considering the measure.

Cases of stalking with tracking devices have escalated sharply in recent years, according to statewide criminal data. In 2019, there were 15 such charges in Florida. Already in 2025, the number has topped 100 with three months left in the year.

The surge coincides with the growing popularity of the small, inexpensive tracking devices with batteries that can last one year or longer. Products like Apple’s AirTag or Life 360’s Tile are marketed as useful tools to track luggage or keys, but the same features can render them hard-to-detect and vulnerable to misuse.

Illicit stalking can also occur through the misuse of cell phones and apps, such as Life360 or Find My Friends, said Brittani Melvin, director of the Peaceful Paths Domestic Abuse Network. It offers emergency shelter, counseling and advocacy services for victims across Alachua, Bradford, and Union counties in north-central Florida.

The same day DeSantis signed the new law earlier this year, the Hillsborough County Sheriff’s Office arrested Julian Jaramillo, 21, of Palmetto, Florida, on felony kidnapping and carjacking charges and misdemeanor battery, according to court records. 

Jaramillo was accused of hiding an extra cell phone in his ex-girlfriend’s car to follow her to a friend’s home in Ruskin, south of Tampa. He is also facing a felony charge of illegally installing or using a tracking device or application. Authorities found the phone, registered to Jaramillo, inside the car.

“He placed a phone in the zippered portion of the rear seat and used GPS location to track her for the past two weeks,” Assistant State Attorney Andrew Ray Liverman wrote in court records.

Jaramillo forced the woman into the trunk of her own vehicle – which was captured on video released by the sheriff’s office – and took her to his home in Palmetto, 20 miles away, according to court records. She was able to call a friend and describe in a whisper what happened, and the Manatee County Sheriff’s Office rescued her. 

Jaramillo has pleaded not guilty. A jury trial is expected to start Feb. 23. His lawyers did not respond to phone messages asking about the case.

Jaramillo was not charged under the heightened penalty of up to 15 years in prison approved this year by the Legislature because they were not in effect at the time. He would face up to five years if convicted on the felony tracking charge and up to life in prison on the kidnapping charge.

The Senate minority leader, Lori Berman, D-Boynton Beach, supported the bill. When lawmakers were considering its passage, she noted the 2021 murder of a 4-year-old in Broward County, Greyson Kessler.

Greyson’s father, John Stacey, had secretly installed a GPS device on the vehicle of Greyson’s mother, Allison Kessler, to track her whereabouts. During a court-ordered visitation, Stacey shot Greyson and then himself at this condo, despite repeated warnings from Kessler to law enforcement about his behavior.

Berman introduced “Greyson’s Law,” which the Legislature passed in 2023 to help protect children in custody disputes. She said the new Florida law against illicit trackers could toughen penalties in similar crimes when the perpetrator lives.

“I feel like having that car tracker that [Stacey] put on [Kessler’s] car without her knowledge was a precipitating event to the actual tragedy that happened in this case,” Berman said in an interview. “So when I saw this bill, I was actually happy to know that we are making the penalties stronger.”

About 15 percent of women stalking victims in a recent, national government survey reported being tracked by GPS devices and 20 percent reported they were monitored through computer software or apps. Its data was based on interviews with more than 8,000 women.

Experts said there are warning signs.

“Often, in the course of the relationship, they were showing up unexpectedly in places where you didn't think they'd be,” said Randi Spiker, a psychologist who specializes in technology and violence. “They come to your workplace. They show up when you're out with your friends. And it seems like a sweet, romantic surprise. But it's because they've been tracking you.”

Such crimes can prey on a victim’s feelings about loss of trust and safety.

“Even your own devices in your own home are no longer safe,” Spiker said. “So, there's a huge loss of that own feeling of personal safety, even in your own home, in your job, in your car. You can't escape it, so you feel stuck, and you feel very isolated because you don't know who you can trust or if people are going to take it seriously.”

Spiker said lawmakers should hold manufacturers more responsibility for the improper use of their products. She said companies haven’t been held legally liable enough. 

Representatives for Apple Inc. did not respond to an email to its media relations staff. Apple and other companies have made efforts to avoid misuse of their products by notifying users if an unknown device is traveling with them. Apple is facing a 2022 ongoing federal lawsuit in California over whether its AirTags can be used for stalking.

Melvin, who runs the domestic violence shelter, said these messages often go unnoticed by victims. “How many times do we get notifications on our phone and we just ignore them?” Melvin asked. 

It’s unclear whether tougher penalties will prevent violent stalking, said Aaron Wayt, co-chair and president-elect of the Florida Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. He said early intervention is more effective at reducing crime and said individuals who obtain restraining orders can ask authorities to check their homes and vehicles for tracking devices.

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The following is a press release provided by the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (FLHSMV). It has been published here as received, without additional reporting or editing by Alachua County Today staff.

~ Federal investment enhances Florida’s law enforcement capabilities and reinforces public safety through expanded immigration enforcement.~

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. – Last week, it was announced that the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (FLHSMV) received $13.6 million in federal funding from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to support its partnership with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) under the 287(g) Task Force Model (TFM).

This funding reinforces Florida’s commitment to law and order by expanding the operational capacity of state and local law enforcement agencies engaged in immigration enforcement. The 287(g) program equips Florida Highway Patrol (FHP) troopers with the authority to identify, process, and detain individuals who violate federal immigration laws. Since March, more than 4,900 illegal aliens have been apprehended by the FHP, including nearly 900 with criminal histories.

“Florida’s law enforcement officers are on the front lines of protecting our state from the consequences of illegal immigration,” said Executive Director Dave Kerner. “This investment allows us to expand our capabilities and continue working alongside ICE to enforce the law and safeguard our communities.”

Through the 287(g) Task Force Model, FLHSMV will receive:

• $7,500 per federally trained Task Force Officer to purchase essential equipment
• $100,000 per operational agreement to acquire new vehicles that support immigration enforcement missions

This investment comes at a critical time. Law enforcement officers conducting immigration enforcement across the country—and here in Florida—are facing rising threats and hostility. These resources will help protect officers on the front lines, improve mobility and response capabilities, and reinforce Florida’s unwavering commitment to public safety and the rule of law.

The funding announcement coincided with Florida’s second immigration enforcement operation last week, led by the Florida Highway Patrol in coordination with county, state, and federal partners. Participating agencies include DHS, ICE, U.S. Border Patrol, Brevard County Sheriff’s Office, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Gaming Control Commission, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Florida Division of Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco, Florida Department of Financial Services, and the Florida Department of Lottery’s Division of Security. Highlights of the operation include:

• 2,020 traffic stops.
• 1,539 citations issued.
• 461 illegal aliens apprehended.
• 235 misdemeanor charges.
• 75 felony charges.
• 45 illegal aliens with prior criminal history.
• Illegal aliens represented 19 countries, including Guatemala, El Salvador, China, Czech Republic, Cuba, India, Mexico, Cape Verde, Portugal, and Brazil.

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CITRUS COUNTY - On Aug. 29, 2025, a Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) officer responded to a witness complaint in Citrus County regarding an intoxicated boater operating a vessel without navigational lighting on Kings Bay. The complaint was reported as the vessel operator was preparing to leave the boat ramp.

While en route, the officer observed a vehicle towing a vessel matching the description accelerating across four lanes of traffic on U.S. Highway 19. The officer contacted the Florida Highway Patrol and attempted to stop the vehicle. An FHP trooper was able to intercept and safely stop the erratically driven vehicle.

The FWC officer confirmed the driver, Nicholas Chase Bunts (DOB 05/06/1998) of Dunnellon, was the vessel operator in Kings Bay. Observable evidence indicated Bunts was under the influence of alcohol. He consented to perform Seated Field Sobriety Tasks, which led to his arrest and transport to the Citrus County Jail.

Bunts was issued a DUI citation for a blood alcohol concentration of 0.15 or higher and a Uniform Traffic Citation for failure to maintain a single lane.

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• The City of Jacksonville paid $75,000 for a “hologram” of Mayor Donna Deegan to greet travelers at Jacksonville International Airport in multiple languages, they paid $7.5 million for a 1-mile sidewalk project which was nearly eight times the average FDOT estimate, and they have given $1.9 million in grants to DEI-focused arts groups.
• The City of Pensacola pays $150,000 a year to a management company that brings drag shows to the city’s Seanger Theater and has paid $300,000 for an equity-focused strategic plan and residential “equity survey.”

• The City of Gainesville pays the City Director of Equity and Inclusion a salary of $189,000 and has prioritized divisive employee indoctrination on the subjects of race and identity over essential activities to serve residents.

• The City of Orlando has spent $460,000 since 2020 to count trees as part of the city’s “tree inventory,” as well as $150,000 over three years to help illegals evade deportation.

• The City of St. Petersburg has paid $258,000, including funds from the city’s utility and EMS funds, to support Pride events and has also spent $307,000 on a climate action plan to promote Green New Deal initiatives.

• Alachua County paid $31,000 to Planned Parenthood for “Teen Time,” designed for children as young as 13 years old.
• Orange County has spent $223,000 for LGBT youth services that promote gender ideology to youth populations and paid $240,000 to a left-wing urban planning firm that carries out its activities from a “race, social, and healthy equity perspective.”

• Hillsborough County has spent $572,000 to train for county employees about their so-called “unconscious bias” and also provides $950,000 for county employee vehicle allowances with very little transparency.
• Pinellas County spends $75,000 every year to sponsor an annual “Pride” festival.

• Broward County has spent $890,000 on DEI training since FY 2020, including training that pushes gender fluidity and transgender ideology; they have also spent $175,000 on creating virtual art in the Metaverse and $44,000 to support a UN treaty promoting gender equity that seeks to compel Americans to accept gender quotas and unequal treatment in service of supposedly-equal “outcomes.”

• #7 among public universities nationwide and has been in the top 10 for eight consecutive years.
• #30 among all universities, public and private.
• UF excels through research with more than 400 patents produced in the past three years and annual research expenditures exceeding $1 billion.
• #1 public university in the nation for graduating students on time, providing the lowest net cost, and impacting salary performance after graduation by the Wall Street Journal.

• #43 among public universities nationwide—up 2 spots from the previous year.
• #12 best value public universities in the nation.
• #19 most innovative schools in the nation.

• #92 among public universities nationwide.
• #1 public HBCU in the nation for seven consecutive years.

   

• #46 among public universities nationwide.
• #1 in the nation for upward economic mobility.

   

• #10 among public liberal arts colleges nationwide.

• #1 for regional public colleges in the South for five consecutive years.
• #2 regional college among both public and private universities.
• #3 best value public schools in the South.

• #21 among public universities nationwide—up 2 spots from the previous year.
• #12 public universities in the nation for first-year experiences.

• #57 among public universities nationwide—up 4 spots from the previous year.

• #6 for regional public universities in the South—up 4 spots from the previous year.

~ The First Recorded Clinical Trial in 1747 ~

The history of Vitamin C is closely linked to the understanding and eventual conquest of scurvy, a debilitating and often fatal disease that plagued sailors on long voyages for centuries.

Early Observations

As early as the 15th century, it was noted that certain foods, particularly citrus fruits, had a curative effect on scurvy. Vasco da Gama's voyages, for instance, observed this link.

In 1747, James Lind, a British naval surgeon, conducted a controlled experiment demonstrating that citrus fruits effectively prevented scurvy. He compared various treatments among sailors with scurvy and found that only those receiving oranges and lemons recovered. This is perhaps, the first recorded clinical trial.

Despite Lind's groundbreaking work, it took several decades for the British Navy to mandate citrus fruit or juice as a regular provision for sailors, earning them the nickname “limeys.”

The Dawn of Vitamin Research:

In 1912, Casimir Funk introduced the concept of “vitamins” as essential dietary components. The anti-scorbutic factor was soon recognized as a water-soluble substance, initially called “water-soluble C.”

Isolation and Identification:

In 1928, Hungarian scientist Albert Szent-Györgyi isolated a substance from animal adrenal glands, naming it “hexuronic acid.” He suspected it might be the anti-scorbutic factor.

Around the same time, in 1932, American biochemist Charles Glen King also isolated vitamin C in his laboratory and concluded it was the same as Szent-Györgyi's hexuronic acid. There was some dispute over who made the definitive connection first, possibly due to communication delays.

Working independently, Szent-Györgyi and his colleague Joseph Svirbely conducted experiments on guinea pigs (which, like humans, cannot synthesize vitamin C) and proved that hexuronic acid was indeed the anti-scorbutic factor. They renamed it “ascorbic acid,” meaning “anti-scurvy.”

Structural Determination and Synthesis:

In 1933, British chemist Norman Haworth determined the chemical structure of vitamin C. Haworth and Szent-Györgyi jointly proposed the name “ascorbic acid”

Both Szent-Györgyi and Haworth were awarded Nobel Prizes in 1937 for their work on vitamin C. Szent-Györgyi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries concerning biological combustion, with specific reference to vitamin C, and Haworth received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the constitution of carbohydrates and vitamin C.

Further Discoveries and Applications:

Szent-Györgyi continued his research, famously identifying paprika as an exceptionally rich and easily accessible source of vitamin C, allowing for its production in larger quantities.

Since its discovery, vitamin C has been extensively studied for its various roles in human health, including its function as an antioxidant, its involvement in collagen synthesis, immune function, and iron absorption.

Today, vitamin C is recognized as an essential nutrient, and its deficiency is known to cause scurvy, characterized by symptoms like weakness, bleeding gums, and poor wound healing.

Research continues to explore the potential benefits of vitamin C in preventing and treating various diseases.

The history of vitamin C is a compelling story of scientific investigation driven by the need to combat a devastating disease. From empirical observations to isolation, structural determination, and synthesis, the journey to understanding and utilizing this essential nutrient has significantly impacted human health

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William Garst is a consultant pharmacist who lives in Alachua, Florida. He is semi-retired and works part time at Lake Butler Hospital in Lake Butler, Florida. William received his pharmacy degree at Auburn University and a Doctor of Pharmacy from Colorado University. The Pharmacy Newsletter is a blog where you can find other informative columns. He may be contacted at garstcph@gmail.com.

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As a concerned citizen of Florida, I am writing to express my deep alarm over the recent decision to eliminate all vaccine mandates in our state. Vaccines have long been one of the most effective and life-saving public health tools we have. Rolling back these protections threatens to reverse decades of progress against diseases like measles, mumps, and polio — illnesses that vaccines had nearly eliminated.

This decision will not affect all Floridians equally. Black and Brown communities, already facing disproportionate rates of chronic illness, limited access to care, and systemic health inequities, will bear the heaviest burden. Without the safeguard of mandates, these communities are at greater risk of disease outbreaks and preventable deaths.

I am also concerned about the issue of trust. Our nation’s history of medical neglect and mistreatment of Black and Brown populations has left a deep scar of mistrust in the healthcare system. Abrupt policy changes such as this risk eroding fragile progress in building confidence and could reinforce skepticism toward public health guidance.

Beyond the health risks, there are serious financial and economic consequences. Preventable outbreaks lead to increased healthcare costs, hospitalizations, and strain on already overburdened medical systems. Families who cannot afford time off work or unexpected medical bills will be disproportionately harmed. Local businesses and schools may also face disruptions if vaccine-preventable diseases reemerge, causing lost productivity and economic instability. In short, what may appear to be a rollback of regulation could instead create higher costs for families, communities, and the state as a whole.

While individuals should have the right to make informed decisions — including the ability to opt out under certain circumstances — public health policy must balance personal choice with the protection of children, immunocompromised individuals, and entire communities. Without mandates or robust equity-driven alternatives, our most vulnerable neighbors will be left unprotected.

Faith and cultural values are also central to many families’ health decisions. Public health efforts should engage and respect these perspectives. But removing mandates outright, without strong outreach, education, and access initiatives, will send us backward — leaving communities exposed to diseases that science has already taught us how to prevent.

I urge you to reconsider this decision. If mandates are to be removed, Florida must implement strong, equity-focused measures to ensure that every Floridian — regardless of race, income, or faith — is protected. Public health policy must be guided not only by science and fairness but also by a recognition of the enormous economic and financial strain that preventable outbreaks place on families and our state.

Roberta C. Lopez

Archer, Florida

The history of the B vitamins is a fascinating journey that spans several decades and involves the work of numerous scientists. Initially thought to be a single nutrient, it was later discovered to be a complex group of essential water-soluble vitamins with distinct functions. Here's a brief overview of their discovery:

The Beriberi Connection

The story begins in the late 19^th Century with the investigation of beriberi, a debilitating disease prevalent in regions where polished white rice was a dietary staple.

• 1889: Dutch physician Christiaan Eijkman, working in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), observed that chickens fed polished white rice developed beriberi-like symptoms, which were reversed when they were fed unpolished brown rice. This suggested a nutritional deficiency.
• 1906: English biochemist Frederick Gowland Hopkins proposed the existence of "accessory food factors" beyond fats, proteins, and carbohydrates that were essential for growth and health.

The “Vitamine” Concept

• 1911: Polish biochemist Casimir Funk, working in London, isolated a substance from rice polishings that could cure beriberi in pigeons. He proposed that this and other similar substances were vital amines, coining the term “vitamine.” Although not all vitamins are amines, the name stuck (later dropping the “e”).

Distinguishing Multiple Factors

• 1913: American biochemist Elmer McCollum distinguished between “fat-soluble factor A” and “water-soluble factor B,” recognizing that there was more than one essential nutrient in the water-soluble category.

Isolation and Identification of Individual B Vitamins:

The subsequent decades saw the isolation and characterization of the individual B vitamins:

• Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): Isolated in crystalline form in 1926 by Dutch chemists Barend Jansen and Willem Donath. It was the first B vitamin to be identified and was found to be the anti-beriberi factor.
• Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): First observed as a yellow-green fluorescent pigment in milk in 1872, it was characterized and named riboflavin in the early 1930s.
• Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Its deficiency was linked to pellagra in 1915 by Joseph Goldberger. The chemical structure was determined in 1937 by Conrad Elvehjem.
• Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid): Discovered in 1933 by Roger J. Williams while researching essential nutrients for yeast.
• Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Identified in 1934 by Paul Gyorgy.
• Vitamin B7 (Biotin): Research spanned the early 1900s, with contributions from Margaret Averil Boas (1927) and Paul Gyorgy (who named it Vitamin H in 1939), among others.
• Vitamin B9 (Folate/Folic Acid): Identified in 1933 by Lucy Wills for its role in preventing a type of anemia during pregnancy.
• Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Its deficiency was linked to pernicious anemia. It was isolated in 1947 by Karl Folkers and his team.

The “B Complex”

As each water-soluble vitamin with a distinct function was discovered, they were grouped together as the “vitamin B complex.” This term reflects their shared water solubility and their common occurrence in many of the same foods, as well as their often-interconnected roles in metabolic processes.

Nobel Prizes

The importance of B vitamin research is highlighted by the Nobel Prizes awarded to scientists involved in their discovery and understanding:

• 1929: Christiaan Eijkman and Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on the discovery of vitamins. Eijkman's work focused on the link between diet and beriberi (leading to the identification of Vitamin B1), while Hopkins was recognized for his broader contributions to the understanding of essential nutrients.
• 1934: George Whipple, George Minot, and William Murphy received the Nobel Prize for their work on the treatment of pernicious anemia using liver extracts, which eventually led to the isolation of Vitamin B12.
• 1964: Dorothy Hodgkin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work on determining the structures of important biochemical substances, including Vitamin B12.

Modern Understanding

Today, we have a detailed understanding of the chemical structures, functions, dietary sources, and deficiency symptoms of each of the B vitamins. They are known to play crucial roles as coenzymes in numerous metabolic pathways, affecting energy production, nerve function, red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and many other vital processes.

It's worth noting that several other substances were once considered part of the B complex and assigned B numbers (like B4, B8, B10, B11), but these were later found to be either synthesized by the body or not essential and were thus removed from the official list of B vitamins

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William Garst is a consultant pharmacist who lives in Alachua, Florida. He is semi-retired and works part time at Lake Butler Hospital in Lake Butler, Florida. William received his pharmacy degree at Auburn University and a Doctor of Pharmacy from Colorado University. The Pharmacy Newsletter is a blog where you can find other informative columns. He may be contacted at garstcph@gmail.com.

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alachuatoday.com

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays many crucial roles in the body. Here are some of its key benefits:

Vision

• Essential for night vision: Vitamin A is a component of rhodopsin, a protein in the eyes that allows us to see in low-light conditions. Deficiency can lead to night blindness. Supports overall eye health: It helps maintain the cornea (the outer layer of the eye) and conjunctiva (the membrane covering the surface of the eye).
• May reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts: Some studies suggest that adequate vitamin A intake, often through carotenoids like beta-carotene, may lower the risk of these age-related eye conditions.
• Treats dry eyes and inflammation: Vitamin A can help moisten the eyes and reduce inflammation.

Immune Function

• Supports immune cell development: Vitamin A is crucial for the development and function of various immune cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, which fight off infections.
• Maintains the mucosal barrier: It helps maintain the health of the mucous membranes in the nose, sinuses, mouth, and gut, which act as a barrier against pathogens.
• May reduce the severity of certain infections: In deficient children, vitamin A supplementation can reduce the severity of measles and diarrhea.

Skin Health

• Promotes cell growth and turnover: Vitamin A is involved in the growth and repair of skin cells.
• May help treat acne: Topical retinoids (a form of vitamin A) are commonly used to treat acne by promoting skin cell turnover and reducing oil production
• .Reduces signs of aging: Topical retinoids can help reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation by stimulating collagen production and promoting skin cell turnover.
• Supports wound healing: Vitamin A plays a role in collagen production and reduces inflammation, which are important for wound healing.
• May help treat other skin conditions: Prescription retinoids are used to treat conditions like psoriasis and warts.

Growth and Development

• Essential for cell growth and differentiation: Vitamin A is needed for the proper development and specialization of cells throughout the body.
• Important for fetal development: It plays a critical role in the growth and development of the fetus during pregnancy.
• Supports bone health: Vitamin A contributes to bone growth and maintenance.

5. Reproduction:

• Essential for both male and female reproductive health: It is involved in sperm and egg development.
• Important for placental health: Vitamin A is crucial for the health and function of the placenta during pregnancy.

Antioxidant Activity

• Carotenoids act as antioxidants: Beta-carotene and other carotenoids, which can be converted to vitamin A in the body, are potent antioxidants that can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.

Important Considerations:

• Deficiency: Vitamin A deficiency can lead to various health problems, including night blindness, increased risk of infections, and skin issues.
• Toxicity: Excessive intake of vitamin A can be harmful, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and even liver damage. Pregnant women should be particularly careful not to exceed the recommended upper limit due to the risk of birth defects.
• Food Sources: It's generally best to obtain vitamin A through a balanced diet rich in sources like liver, fish, dairy products, eggs, and orange and yellow fruits and vegetables (which contain beta-carotene).

It's always best to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate amount of vitamin A for your individual needs

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William Garst is a consultant pharmacist who lives in Alachua, Florida. He is semi-retired and works part time at Lake Butler Hospital in Lake Butler, Florida. William received his pharmacy degree at Auburn University and a Doctor of Pharmacy from Colorado University. The Pharmacy Newsletter is a blog where you can find other informative columns. He may be contacted at garstcph@gmail.com.

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We want to thank the Alachua County Today community for strongly supporting the Alachua Main Street Harvest Festival this past Sunday.

There were over 200 vendors with all types of products and a record crowd that was amazing from start to finish.  The vendors do a fantastic job of coming early and setting up for a big day and they were rewarded. 

Our 37^th Alachua Main Street festival was a resounding success!

Marilyn Vanover

Alachua Business League

We wish to express our gratitude to:

Jeremy Marshall, City Manager of High Springs, and his staff for their continued support of the citizens of High Springs during Hurricane Helene.  Public Works, in particular, was out in full force clearing roads and grinder pumps in addition to many other issues.  

Commissioners were out in force to provide assistance to High Springs residents.

Police Chief Shepherd and his officers and staff for their assistance.  We know that they were out in this storm protecting our community.  

Fire Chief Peters and his firefighters and staff for their efforts in keeping our community safe.

Friends and neighbors were out in force with their tractors and other equipment to clear roads for incoming power trucks.  Also checking on each other to see if assistance was needed.  

Everyone was too busy working to post their efforts on social media.  They did what they did because it was the right thing to do.  

We have had a rough time during the past few years and have come a long way in the past year to bring our City into a better place in leadership and financially.  I have personally talked to city staff about morale and it is at its highest.

There is a small group of people who are intent on bringing the City back into their control.  If you do not follow their lead, they will do whatever is necessary to remove you from office or position in city hall.

It is imperative that you vote!  Vote early or request a mail-in ballot! Vote to re-elect Katherine Weitz, our current mayor.  Vote to elect Julie Rawls Tapia-ruano.  Citizens of High Springs are at the forefront of their mission, which includes supporting the City of High Springs.  We need diversity on the five-member board.  Having two police officers on the board would compromise diversity.

Bob & Linda Jones

High Springs, Florida